Referencing style

Web pages on websites

30 September 2023

You can cite web pages on websites, PDF documents, blog posts, and press releases in APA style. Learn how.

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Works not referenced as webpages

Specific types of documents accessed online are not referenced as webpages, such as books and book chapters, journal articles, newspaper articles and encyclopedias and dictionaries
Whole websites: Do not create an entry in the reference list or use in-text citations. See Whole Website References on the APA Style website

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. or Name of Group. (Year, Month Date). Title of webpage: Subtitle of webpage. Website Name. URL or (webpage designed to change, nonarchived) Retrieved Month Date, Year, from URL

Wilkins, A. (2018, June 28). NZ Govt yet to address single-use plastic bags, despite Australia’s progress. Newshub. https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/new-zealand/2018/06/nz-govt-yet-to-address-single-use-plastic-bags-despite-australia-s-progress.html

In-text citation: According to Wilkins (2018) ... OR Plastic bags are ... (Wilkins, 2018).

Author and website name are the same

figure.NZ. (n.d.). New Zealand adults diagnosed with anxiety disorder. https://figure.nz/chart/MZK3hLTkW1XjQEK8-vr4UEOu5nohyYJwN

Ministry of Health–Manatū Hauora. (2022, April 4). COVID-19: Use of face masks in the community. https://www.health.govt.nz/our-work/diseases-and-conditions/covid-19-novel-coronavirus/covid-19-health-advice-general-public/covid-19-use-masks-community

Stats NZ–Tatauranga Aotearoa. (2022, June 3). Exploring the benefits and costs of multiple imputation for the 2018 Census. https://www.stats.govt.nz/methods/exploring-the-benefits-and-costs-of-multiple-imputation-for-the-2018-census/

In-text citations

figure.NZ (n.d.) ... OR (figure.NZ, n.d.)

Ministry of Health–Manatū Hauora (2022) ... OR (Ministry of Health–Manatū Hauora, 2022)

Stats NZ–Tatauranga Aotearoa (2022) ... OR (Stats NZ–Tatauranga Aotearoa, 2022)

Author and website name are the same; changeable nonarchived webpage

Stats NZ–Tatauranga Aotearoa. (n.d.). Population. Retrieved April 4, 2022, from https://www.stats.govt.nz/topics/population

In-text citation: Stats NZ–Tatauranga Aotearoa (n.d.) ... OR (Stats NZ–Tatauranga Aotearoa, n.d.)

Use the date of publication if available; use the date of last update instead when present.
- Do not use copyright dates from website footers as they may not apply to specific content.
- Do not use dates of last review as reviewed content may not have changed.
When the author and website name are the same, omit the Website Name element.
Use the webpage on a website format for articles from news websites such as Newshub, as they are not associated with daily or weekly newspapers. Use the newspaper articles format for articles from newspaper websites such as The Press.
Include a retrieval date only if the contents of the page are designed to change over time and the page itself is not archived.

Reference list

Cultural Learning Alliance. (2018). The arts, health & wellbeing: Why the arts make us happier and healthier (Briefing Paper No. 3). https://culturallearningalliance.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Arts-Health-and-Wellbeing-Briefing.pdf

Ministry of Health. (2015). Suicide facts: Deaths and intentional self-harm hospitalisations, 2012. https://www.health.govt.nz/system/files/documents/publications/suicide-facts-2012-may15-v2.pdf

In-text citations

Cultural Learning Alliance (2018) ... OR ... (Cultural Learning Alliance, 2018).

Ministry of Health (2015) ... OR ... (Ministry of Health, 2015).

PDF documents are typically ebooks or online reports.
If there is a date, use the year only in the reference.
Omit the publisher name if it is identical to the author.

Reference list

Name of Group. (Year, Month Date). Title of webpage: Subtitle of webpage. Website Name. URL

Ministry for Culture and Heritage. (2021, October 20). The Wairau incident. NZHistory. https://nzhistory.govt.nz/war/wairau-incident

Science Learning Hub–Pokapū Akoranga Pūtaiao. (2012, October 10). Carbonate chemistry. https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/469-carbonate-chemistry

World Health Organization. (2018, February 15). Asbestos: Elimination of asbestos-related diseases. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/asbestos-elimination-of-asbestos-related-diseases

In-text citations

Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2021) ... OR ... (Ministry for Culture and Heritage, 2021)

Science Learning Hub–Pokapū Akoranga Pūtaiao (2012) ... OR ... (Science Learning Hub–Pokapū Akoranga Pūtaiao, 2012)

World Health Organization (2018) ... OR... (World Health Organization, 2018)

See Author Variations for more about group authors in references and in-text citations.
Use the date of publication if available; use the date of last update instead when present.
- Do not use copyright dates from website footers as they may not apply to specific content.
- Do not use dates of last review as reviewed content may not have changed.
When the author and website name are the same, omit the Website Name element.
Include a retrieval date only if the contents of the page are designed to change over time and the page itself is not archived.

The author of a webpage may not be given in a normal byline but it can be determined from context.

For a webpage from an organisational or government website, the organisation or government agency itself is the author, unless otherwise specified.
The author may also be located on an “about us” or acknowledgements page.

Reference list

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. or Name of Group. (n.d.). Title of webpage: Subtitle of webpage. Website Name. URL

Ministry of Education–Te Tāhuhu o te Mātauranga. (n.d.-a). Developing an inclusive classroom culture. Inclusive Education. https://www.inclusive.tki.org.nz/guides/developing-an-inclusive-classroom-culture/

Ministry of Education–Te Tāhuhu o te Mātauranga. (n.d.-b). Digital technologies and the technology learning area. Enabling e-Learning. https://elearning.tki.org.nz/Teaching/Curriculum-learning-areas/Digital-technologies-and-the-technology-learning-area

Ministry of Education–Te Tāhuhu o te Mātauranga. (n.d.-c). A new model for delivering learning support. https://www.education.govt.nz/our-work/changes-in-education/strengthening-learning-support/a-new-model-for-delivering-learning-support/

Ministry of Education–Te Tāhuhu o te Mātauranga. (n.d.-d). Strengthening learning support. https://www.education.govt.nz/our-work/changes-in-education/strengthening-learning-support/

United Nations. (n.d.). Goal 13: Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts. https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/climate-change/

In-text citations

Ministry of Education–Te Tāhuhu o te Mātauranga (n.d.-b) ... OR ... (Ministry of Education–Te Tāhuhu o te Mātauranga, n.d.-b)

Ministry of Education–Te Tāhuhu o te Mātauranga (n.d.-a, n.d.-c) ... OR ... (Ministry of Education–Te Tāhuhu o te Mātauranga, n.d.-a, n.d.-c)

United Nations (n.d.) ... OR ... (United Nations, n.d.)

Ensure that the date applies to the content you are referencing:

Do not use copyright dates from website footers as they may not apply to specific content.
Do not use dates of last review as reviewed content may not have changed.
If there is no date of publication or date of last update, treat the work as having no date and write n.d.
- To distinguish references with the same author and no date, put a hyphen and letter after no date: n.d.-a, n.d.-b and so on.
- The order of n.d.-a, n.d.-b and so on is title alphabetical order, ignoring any initial A, An or The.

Reference list

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. or Name of Group. (Year, Month Date). Title of blog post: Subtitle of blog post. Blog Site Name. URL

Bombara, L. (n.d.). Sustainability in the early years. Modern Teaching Blog. https://blog.teaching.com.au/sustainability-in-the-early-years

Grohol, J. M. (2018, July 8). While you sleep, your brain keeps working. Psych Central. https://psychcentral.com/blog/while-you-sleep-your-brain-keeps-working/

Humphreys, H. (2021, February 25). On interconnectedness: A Māori perspective on educating. Faith in Learning. https://huwhumphreys.wordpress.com/2021/02/25/on-interconnectedness-a-maori-perspective-on-educating/

In-text citations

Bombara (n.d.) ... OR ... (Bombara, n.d.)

Grohol (2018) ... OR ... (Grohol, 2018)

Humphreys (2021) ... OR ... (Humphreys, 2021)

See also Blog Post and Blog Comment References on the APA Style website.

Reference list

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. or Name of Group. (Year, Month Date). Title of press release: Subtitle of press release [Press release]. Website Name. URL

Little, A. (2019, December 12). New direction for criminal justice reform [Press release]. Beehive.govt.nz. https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/new-direction-criminal-justice-reform

World Health Organization. (2013, November 11). Global health workforce shortage to reach 12.9 million in coming decade [Press release]. https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2013/health-workforce-shortage/en/

In-text citations

Little (2019) ... OR ... (Little, 2019)

World Health Organization (2013) ... OR ... (World Health Organization, 2013)

When the author and the publisher of the press release are the same, omit the publisher in the reference to avoid repetition, as shown in the World Health Organization example.