UC Spark

Dr David Nobes

Geological Sciences

Fields of Research

  • Near-surface geophysics for archaeological, engineering, environmental, forensic, glaciological, groundwater, marine and neotectonic applications
  • Non-invasive, non-destructive mapping and monitoring
  • Specialist in electromagnetic and ground-penetrating radar methods

Researcher Summary

Near-surface geophysics, especially electromagnetic, ground penetrating radar and electrical imaging techniques, and the applications of near-surface geophysical methods to archaeological, engineering, environmental, forensic, glaciological, marine and neotectonic studies.

Effects of geological processes on in situ physical properties, and the consequent influences on the geophysical responses.

Analysis of paleoclimatic variations using geophysical signal processing.

Subject Area: Disciplines

Research Groups

Future Research

  • 3D and 4D imaging of polygonal patterned ground in Antarctic permafrost soils
  • Imaging of groundwater resources and contaminant transport
  • Imaging of near-surface structure of faults
  • Effects of soil type and conditions on non-invasive imaging of tapu sites: archaeological sites and urupa

Key Methodologies

  • Ground penetrating radar
  • Electromagnetic methods
  • Electrical imaging
  • Geophysical property inter-relationships
  • Geophysical modelling and inversion
  • Excel, Word, CorelDraw, Corel PhotoPaint, Surfer

Equipment

Affiliations

Publications


  • Nobes, D.C., Wilson, T.M., Cockcroft, M., Almond, P. and Whitman, Z. (2012) Agricultural ground penetrating radar response to deep cultivation across a fault scarp after the 4 September 2010 Darfield earthquake, Canterbury, New Zealand. Shanghai, China: 14th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR2012), 4-8 Jun 2012. In Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), 2012 14th International Conference on 769-773. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2012.6254965. (Conference Contribution - Paper in published proceedings)
  • Nobes, D.C., Gravley, D.M., Brand, B.D., Bloomberg, S.H., Garden, T.O. and Lindsay, J.M. (2012) Ground penetrating radar imaging of Auckland volcanic surge deposits. Shanghai, China: 14th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR2012), 4-8 Jun 2012. In Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), 2012 14th International Conference on 653-658. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2012.6254943. (Conference Contribution - Paper in published proceedings)
  • Nobes, D.C., Johnston, A.G., Holdaway, R.N. and Horton, T.W. (2012) Ground penetrating radar imaging of the late Quaternary Pyramid Valley lake deposit, North Canterbury, New Zealand: Correlation with paleoclimatic records and the stratigraphic sequence. Shanghai, China: 14th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR2012), 4-8 Jun 2012. 591-594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2012.6254932. (Conference Contribution - Paper in published proceedings)
  • Nobes, D.C. and Pettersson, J.K. (2012) Non-invasive imaging of hydrocarbon contamination in permafrost soils at Marble Point, McMurdo Sound region, Antarctica. Changsha, China: 5th International Conference on Environmental and Engineering Geophysics (ICEEG2012), 15-18 Jun 2012. In Near-Surface Geophysics and Environment Protection 350-356. (Conference Contribution - Paper in published proceedings)
  • Nobes, D.C. (2011) Ground Penetrating Radar Measurements over Glaciers. In V.P. Singh, P. Singh and U.K. Haritashya (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Snow, Ice and Glaciers: 490-503. Heidelberg: Springer. (Chapter in Book)
  • Amos, C.B., Lapwood, J.J., Nobes, D.C., Burbank, D.W., Rieser, U. and Wade, A. (2011) Paleoseismic constraints on Holocene surface ruptures along the Ostler Fault, southern New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 54(4): 367-378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288306.2011.601746. (Journal Article)
  • Nobes, D.C., Hornblow, S.M. and Lapwood, J.J. (2010) A radar interpretation pitfall: Velocity push-down due to a footwall loess wedge in the ground penetrating radar imaging of the Ostler Fault, New Zealand. Denver, CO, USA: SEG International Exposition and 80th Annual Meeting, 18-23 Oct 2010. (Conference Contribution - Oral presentation)
  • Nobes, D.C., Hornblow, S.M. and Lapwood, J.J. (2010) A radar interpretation pitfall: Velocity push-down due to a footwall loess wedge in the ground penetrating radar imaging of the Ostler Fault, New Zealand. Denver, CO, USA: SEG International Exposition and 80th Annual Meeting, 17-22 Oct 2010. In SEG Expanded Abstracts 29(1955) http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3513226. (Conference Contribution - Paper in published proceedings)
  • Almond, P., Wilson, T.M., Shanhun, F., Whitman, Z., Eger, A., Moot, D., Cockcroft, M. and Nobes, D.C. (2010) Agricultural land rehabilitation following the 4 September 2010 Canterbury earthquake: A preliminary report. Bulletin of the New Zealand Society of Earthquake Engineering 43(4): 432-438. (Journal Article)
  • Shulmeister, J., Nobes, D.C., Striewski, B. and Soderholm, J. (2010) ENSO and PDO Records from Auckland Maars. Auckland, New Zealand: GeoNZ 2010, 21-24 Nov 2010. In Geological Society of New Zealand Miscellaneous Publication 129A 266. (Conference Contribution - Full conference paper)
  • Dorn, C., Carpentier, S., Kaiser, A.E., Green, A.G., Horstmeyer, H., Campbell., F., Campbell, J., Jongens, R., Finnemore, M. and Nobes, D. C. (2010) First seismic imaging results of tectonically complex structures at shallow depths beneath the northwest Canterbury Plains, New Zealand. Journal of Applied Geophysics 70(4): 317-331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2009.06.003. (Journal Article)
  • Nobes, D.C., Cockcroft, M., Wilson, T. and Whitman, Z. (2010) Influence of deep cultivation and transmitter voltage on the response of agricultural ground penetrating radar. Auckland, New Zealand: GeoNZ 2010, 21-24 Nov 2010. http://www.geonz2010.co.nz/downloads/Abstract_volume_content.pdf. (Conference Contribution - Abstract)
  • Campbell, F.M., Kaiser, A., Horstmeyer, H., Green, A.G., Ghisetti, F., Gorman, A. R., Finnemore, M. and Nobes, D.C. (2010) Processing and preliminary interpretation of noisy high-resolution seismic reflection/refraction data across the active Ostler Fault zone, South Island, New Zealand. Journal of Applied Geophysics 70(4): 332-342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2009.05.001. (Journal Article)
  • Carpentier, S.F.A., Dorn, C., Doetsch, J.A., Campbell, F.M., Horstmeyer, H., Green, A.G., Kaiser, A.E., Campbell, J., Pettinga, J., Nobes, D.C., Finnemore, M. and Jongens, R. (2010) Recent deformation of Quaternary sediments in the northwestern Canterbury Plains, New Zealand, as inferred from GPR and seismic data. XIII International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR 2010): Lecce, Italy, 21-25 Jun 2010. In GPR 2010 1-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2010.5550191. (Conference Contribution - Paper in published proceedings)
  • Bilderback, E.L., Stahl, T., McColl, S., Massey, C.I., Quigley, M., Villamor, P., Nobes, D. and Noble, D. (2010) Reconnaissance of an earthquake induced landslide from the Canterbury quake. Auckland, New Zealand: GeoNZ 2010, 21-24 Nov 2010. In Geological Society of New Zealand Miscellaneous Publication 129A 34. (Conference Contribution - Full conference paper)
  • Wallace, S.C., Nobes, D.C., Davis, K.J., Burbank, D.W. and White, A. (2010) Three-dimensional GPR imaging of the Benmore Anticline and step-over of the Ostler Fault, South Island, New Zealand. Geophysical Journal International 180(2): 465-474. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04400.x. (Journal Article)
  • Nobes, D.C. and Wallace, L.R. (2009) Geophysical imaging of an early 19th century colonial defensive blockhouse. Adelaide, Australia: Old Guard, New Guard: Australian Archaeological Association Annual Conference, 11-14 Dec 2009. (Conference Contribution - Oral presentation)
  • Nobes, D.C. (2009) Sand, Silt, Clay: The effect of grain size on the geophysical responses of indigenous burial sites. Adelaide, Australia: Old Guard, New Guard: Australian Archaeological Association Annual Conference, 11-14 Dec 2009. (Conference Contribution - Oral presentation)
  • Kaiser, A.E., Green, A.G., Campbell, F.M., Horstmeyer, H., Manukyan, E., Langridge, R.M., McClymont, A.F., Mancktelow, N., Finnemore, M. and Nobes, D.C. (2009) Ultra-high-resolution seismic reflection imaging of the Alpine Fault, New Zealand. Journal of Geophysical Research 114: B11306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009JB006338. (Journal Article)
  • Godfrey, M.J., Bannister, M.T., Nobes, D.C. and Sletten, R.S. (2008) 3D Time-Lapse Imaging of Polygonal Patterned Ground in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica. Birmingham, UK: 12th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR2008), 16-19 Jun 2008. In Proceedings of GPR2008 6pp. (Conference Contribution - Paper in published proceedings)
  • McClymont, A.F., Green, A.G., Villamor, P., Horstmeyer, H., Grass, C. and Nobes, D.C. (2008) Characterization of the shallow structures of active fault zones using 3-D ground-penetrating radar data. Journal of Geophysical Research 113(B10315): 1-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007JB005402. (Journal Article)
  • Nobes, D.C., Ruffell, A. and Macdonald, P. (2008) Migrating and Merging Polarised GPR Profiles: Does it matter if migration is before or after merger? Birmingham, UK: 12th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR2008), 16-19 Jun 2008. In Proceedings of GPR2008 5pp. (Conference Contribution - Paper in published proceedings)
  • Appleby, J.R., Brook, M.S., Robertson, C. and Nobes, D. (2008) Structural glaciology and ground penetrating radar survey of Fox Glacier. Wellington, New Zealand: Geological Society of New Zealand, New Zealand Geophysical Society, New Zealand Geochemical & Mineralogical Society Joint Annual Conference (Geosciences '08), 24-26 Nov 2008. In GSNZ Miscellaneous Publications 125A 79. (Conference Contribution - Oral presentation)
  • McClymont, A.F., Green, A.G., Streich, R., Horstmeyer, H., Tronicke, J., Nobes, D.C., Pettinga, J., Campbell, J. and Langridge, R. (2008) Visualization of active faults using geometric attributes of 3D GPR data: An example from the Alpine Fault Zone, New Zealand. Geophysics 73(2): B11-B23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2825408. (Journal Article)
  • Nobes, D.C. (2007) Detecting Linear Features Using the Directionality of the HLEM Response. Istanbul, Turkey: Near Surface 2007: 13th European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics, 3-5 Sep 2007. In Near Surface 2007 Paper 2750. http://www.earthdoc.org/detail.php?pubid=7611. (Conference Contribution - Paper in published proceedings)
  • Nobes, D.C. (2007) Effect of grain size on the geophysical responses of indigenous burial sites. Istanbul, Turkey: Near Surface 2007: 13th European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics, 3-5 Sep 2007. In Near Surface 2007 Paper 2652. http://www.earthdoc.org/detail.php?pubid=7687. (Conference Contribution - Paper in published proceedings)
  • Nobes, D.C. (2007) Effect of soil grain size on the geophysical response of graves: Clay vs silt vs sand. London, UK: International Crime Science Conference (ISCS) 2007, 16-17 Jul 2007. (Conference Contribution - Full conference paper)
  • Amos, C.B., Burbank, D.W., Nobes, D.C. and Read, S.A.L. (2007) Geomorphic constraints on listric faulting: Implications for active deformation in the Mackenzie Basin, South Island, New Zealand. Journal of Geophysical Research 112: B03S11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006JB004291. (Journal Article)
  • Nobes, D.C. and Wallace, L.R. (2007) Geophysical Imaging of an Early 19th Century Colonial Defensive Blockhouse. Istanbul, Turkey: Near Surface 2007: 13th European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics, 3-5 Sep 2007. In Near Surface 2007 Paper 2749. http://www.earthdoc.org/detail.php?pubid=7633. (Conference Contribution - Paper in published proceedings)
  • Nobes, D.C., Rother, H., van der Kruk, J. and Jol, H.M. (2006) Radar 'lensing' by a small river: Can a layer of surface water improve the signal? Near Surface Geophysics 4(1): 69-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/1873-0604.2005033. (Journal Article)
  • Nobes, D.C., Davis, E.F. and Arcone, S.A. (2005) "Mirror-image" multiples in ground-penetrating radar. Geophysics 70(1 (Jan-Feb)): K20-K22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1852781. (Journal Article)
  • Taulis, M.E., Trumm, D., Milke, M.W., Nobes, D., Manhire, D. and O'Sullivan, A.D. (2005) Characterisation of coal seam gas waters in New Zealand. Auckland, New Zealand: 2005 New Zealand Minerals Conference, 13-16 Nov 2005. In Realising New Zealand's Mineral Potential - Proceedings of the 2005 New Zealand Minerals Conference 1(1) 416-425. (Conference Contribution - Paper in published proceedings)
  • Corboz, P., Horstmeyer, H., Tronicke, J., Nobes, D., Campbell, J. and Green, A. (2005) High-resolution geophysical surveying at the Springfield Fault, New Zealand. Palermo, Italy: 11th European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics, 5-8 Sep 2005. In Near Surface 2005 4pp. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/755. (Conference Contribution - Paper in published proceedings)
  • Davis, K., Burbank, D.W., Fisher, D., Wallace, S. and Nobes, D. (2005) Thrust-fault growth and segment linkage in the active Ostler fault zone, New Zealand. Journal of Structural Geology 27(8): 1528-1546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2005.04.011. (Journal Article)
  • Pepper, A.C., Shulmeister, J., Nobes, D.C. and Augustinus, P.A. (2004) Possible ENSO signals prior to the Last Glacial Maximum, during the last deglaciation and the early Holocene, from New Zealand. Geophysical Research Letters 31(15): L15206 (4p). doi:10.1029/2004GL020236. (Journal Article)
  • Jol, H.M., Goodsell, B., Nobes, D.C., Finnemore, M., Cussins, T., de Passille, B. and Tealby, J. (2004) Preliminary results from high frequency GPR surveys and a 3D grid: Davis Snowfield, Franz Josef Glacier, New Zealand. Delft, The Netherlands: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar, 21-24 Jun 2004. 773-776. (Conference Contribution - Paper in published proceedings)
  • Close, M.E., Nobes, D.C. and Pang, L. (2004) Presence of preferential flow paths in shallow groundwater systems as indicated by tracer experiments and geophysical surveys. In D. Hyndman and J. Bridge (Ed.), Aquifer Characterization: 79-91. Tulsa: SEPM. (Chapter in Book)
  • Nobes, D.C., Jol, H.M. and Rother, H. (2004) Radar "lensing" by a small river: Can a layer of surface water improve the signal? Delft, The Netherlands: GPR 2004: 10th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar, 21-24 June 2004. 539-542. (Conference Contribution - Other)
  • Nobes, D.C. (2004) Report on the Meeting on the Role of Science in the Information Society (RSIS), held on 8-9 December 2003 at CERN in Geneva, as part of the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS). Royal Society of New Zealand. (Report for External Body)
  • Streich, R., van der Kruk, J., Green, A.G. and Nobes, D.C. (2004) Three-dimensional multicomponent georadar surveying near the Alpine Fault, New Zealand. Delft, The Netherlands: GPR 2004: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar, 21 - 24 Jun 2004. 349-352. (Conference Contribution - Other)
  • Cammack, E., Nobes, D.C. and Holdaway, R.N. (2003) Can geophysical surveys locate moa bone lusters in North Canterbury swamp deposits? Results from Pyramid Valley, Strathblane and Treasure Downs. Westport, New Zealand: AQUA 2003, the 8th Biennal Meeting of the Australasian Quaternary Association and the Friends of the Pleistocene (NZ), 3-7 Feb 2003. (Conference Contribution - Other)
  • Pepper, A.C., Shulmeister, J. and Nobes, D.C. (2003) Climate change during the LGM and deglaciation in the Auckland region, New Zealand. Westport, New Zealand: AQUA 2003, the 8th Biennial Meeting of the Australasian Quaternary Association and the Friends of the Pleistocene (NZ), 3-7 Feb 2003. (Conference Contribution - Other)
  • Pettersson, J.K. and Nobes, D.C. (2003) Environmental geophysics at Scott Base: Ground penetrating radar and electromagnetic induction as tools for mapping contaminated ground at Antartic research bases. Cold Regions Science and Technology 37(2): 187-195. (Journal Article)
  • Pettersson, J.K. and Nobes, D.C. (2003) Geophysics as a tool to map and monitor hydrocarbon spills in the dry permafrost environment of the McMurdo Sound region. Dunedin, New Zealand: Antarctica New Zealand Annual Antarctic Conference, Apr 2003. (Conference Contribution - Other)
  • Heese, P.P., Humphreys, G.S., Selkirk, P., Adamson, D., Gore, D., Nobes, D.C., Price, D., Schwenninger, J.-L., Smith, B. and Tulau, M. (2003) Late quaternary aeolian dunes on the presently humid Blue Mountains, Eastern Australia. Quaternary International 108(1): 13-32. (Journal Article)
  • King, M.L., Wu, D. and Nobes, D.C. (2003) Non-invasive ground penetrating radar investigation of a failing concrete floor slab. Berlin, Germany: Proceedings of NDT-CE 2003, the International Conference on Non-Destructive Testing in Civil Engineering, 16-19 Sep 2003. BB85-CD. http://www.ndt.net/article/ndtce03/papers/p043/p043.htm.. (Conference Contribution - Other)
  • Davis, E.F. and Nobes, D.C. (2003) Non-invasive mapping and monitoring of a fold system located on the McMurdo Ice Shelf near Scott Base, Antartica. Potsdam, Germany: ISAES IX, 9th International Symposium on Antartic Earth Sciences, 8-12 Sep 2003. (Conference Contribution - Other)
  • Nobes, D.C. and Pettersson, J.K. (2003) Non-invasive mapping of hydrocarbon-contaminated sites using near-surface geophysical methods in the McMurdo Sound region of Antartica. Potsdam, Germany: ISAES IX, 9th International Symposium on Antartic Earth Sciences, 8-12 Sep 2003. (Conference Contribution - Other)
  • Nobes, D.C., Wallace, S.C., David, K.J., White, A. and Burbank, D.W. (2003) Three-dimensional imaging of the Benmore segment of the Ostler Fault using ground-penetrating radar (GPR), resistivity tomography and detailed topographic surveying. Westport, New Zealand: AQUA 2003, the 8th Biennial Meeting of the Australasian Quaternary Association and the Fridns of the Pleistocene (NZ), 3-7 Feb 2003. (Conference Contribution - Other)
  • Nobes, D.C. (2002) A Report on Near-Surface Geophysical Surveys to Delineate Possible Locations of the Masterton Fault at Selected Sites within Masterton Township. Ian R Brown Associates Ltd, Wellington, and Masterton City Council. (Report for External Body)
  • Nobes, David C. (2002) Building on the foundations: Environmental Science at the University of Canterbury, Christchurch, NZ. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education 3(4): 371-379. (Journal Article)
  • Nobes, D.C. (2002) Comment on "Intelligent design" by A. Melott and M. Singham. Physics Today 55(11): 95-96. (Journal Article)
  • Nobes, D.C. (2001) Building on the Foundations: Environmental Science at the University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.. University of Venice, Italy: Proceedings of the 6th International auDes Conference, April 2001. 104-9. (Conference Contribution - Other)
  • Noon, D.A. and Nobes, D.C. (Ed.) (2001) Ground Penetrating Radar 2000 - Special Issue of Journal of Applied Geophysics. (47 ed.). (Edited Book)
  • Nobes, D.C., Ferguson, R.J. and Brierley, G.J. (2001) Ground-penetrating radar and sedimentological analysis of Holocene floodplains: insight from the Tuross valley, New South Wales. Aust. J. of Earth Sciences 48: 347-35. (Journal Article)
  • Field, G., Leonard, G. and Nobes, D.C. (2001) Where is Percy Rutherford's grave? In Jones, M. and Sheppard, P. (Ed.), Australasian Connections and New Directions (Research in Anthropology and Linguistics 5 ed.): 131-147. Auckland: University of Auckland. (Chapter in Book)
  • Francké, J. and Nobes, D.C. (2000) A preliminary evaluation of GPR for nickel laterite exploration. GPR 2000: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) v 4084, 2000. 7-12. (Conference Contribution - Other)
  • Nobes, D.C. and Annan, A.P. (2000) 'Broadside' versus 'End-fire' Radar Response: Some simple illustrative examples. GPR 2000: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) v 4084, 2000. 4084 696-701. (Conference Contribution - Other)
  • Nobes, D.C., Armstrong, M.J. and Close, M.E. (2000) Delineation of a landfill leachate plume and flow channels in coastal sands near Christchurch, New Zealand, using a shallow electromagnetic survey method.. Hydrogeology Journal 8(3): 328-36. (Journal Article)
  • Nobes, D.C. and Lintott, B. (2000) Rutherford's 'Old Tin Shed': Mapping the foundations of a Victorian-age lecture hall. GPR 2000: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) v. 4084, 2000. 887-92. (Conference Contribution - Other)
  • Nobes, D.C. (2000) The search for 'Yvonne'. A case example of the delineation of a grave using near-surface geophysical methods. Journal of Forensic Sciences 45: 715-21. (Journal Article)
  • Nobes, D.C. (1999) Geophysical surveys of burial sites: A case study of the Oaro urupa. Geophysics 64(2): 357-67. (Journal Article)
  • Nobes, D.C. (1999) How important is the orientation of a horizontal loop EM system? Examples from a leachate plume and a fault zone. Journal of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics 4(2): 81-85. (Journal Article)
  • Nobes, D.C. and McCahon, I.F. (1999) Shallow EM mapping for characterization of a proposed construction site. The Leading Edge 18(12): 1378-83. (Journal Article)
  • Nobes, D.C. (1999) The directional dependence of the ground penetrating radar response on the accumulation zones of temperate alpine glaciers. First Break 17(7): 249-59. (Journal Article)
  • Nobes, D.C. (1998) Comment on 'Nibbling the bullet' by D. Kleppner. Physics Today 51(10): 13-15. (Journal Article)
  • Nobes, D.C. (1998) How important is the orientation of a horizontal loop EM system? Examples from a leachate plume and a fault zone. Chicago, USA: Proceedings of the Symposium on Applications of Geophysics to Environmental and Engineering Problems (SAGEEP), 1998. v. 11, 453-8. (Conference Contribution - Other)
  • Hochstein, M.P., Watson, M.I., Malengreau, B., Nobes, D.C. and Owens, I. (1998) Rapid melting of the terminal section of the Hooker Glacier (Mt Cook National Park, New Zealand). New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 41: 203-18. (Journal Article)
  • Yetton, M. and Nobes, D.C. (1998) Recent vertical offset and near-surface structure of the Alpine Fault in Westland, New Zealand, from ground penetrating radar profiling. NZ J. Geol. Geophys 41(4): 485-92. (Journal Article)
  • Nobes, D.C. and Bright, J.C. (1998) The Artificial Aquifer: Radar under a steel roof. University of Kansas, USA: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar, Radar Systems and Remote Sensing Laboratory, 1998. 245-9. (Conference Contribution - Other)