UC Spark

Professor Mike Steel

Mathematics and Statistics

Fields of Research

  • Algorithms
  • Bioinformatics
  • Combinatorics
  • Discrete and stochastic models
  • Mathematical biology
  • Probability theory
  • Theoretical biology and evolutionary genetics

Researcher Summary

Research interests are applications of discrete mathematics (combinatorics, graph theory) and probability theory to contemporary problems in biology.

Subject Area: Disciplines

Research Groups

Affiliations

Publications


  • Nelson-Saith, S., Dagan, T., Landan, A., Janssen, A., Steel, M., McInerney, J.O., Deppenmeier, U. and Martin, W.F. (2012) Acquisition of 1,000 eubacterial genes physiologically transformed a methanogen at the origin of Haloarchaea. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 109(50): 20537-20542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1209119109. (Journal Article)
  • Hordijk, W. and Steel, M. (2012) Autocatalytic sets extended: Dynamics, inhibition, and a generalization. Journal of Systems Chemistry 3(5): 12pp. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1759-2208-3-5. (Journal Article)
  • Stadler, T. and Steel, M. (2012) Distribution of branch lengths and phylogenetic diversity under homogeneous speciation models. Journal of Theoretical Biology 297: 33-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2011.11.019. (Journal Article)
  • Dress, A.W.M., Huber, K.T. and Steel, M. (2012) 'Lassoing' a phylogenetic tree I: basic properties, shellings, and covers. Journal of Mathematical Biology 65(1): 77-105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00285-011-0450-4. (Journal Article)
  • Hordijk, W. and Steel, M. (2012) Predicting template-based catalysis rates in a simple catalytic reaction model. Journal of Theoretical Biology 295: 132-138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2011.11.024. (Journal Article)
  • Steel, M. (2012) Root location in random trees: A polarity property of all sampling consistent phylogenetic models except one. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 65(1): 345-348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2012.06.022. (Journal Article)
  • Moulton, V. and Steel, M. (2012) The 'Butterfly effect' in Cayley graphs with applications to genomics. Journal of Mathematical Biology 65(6-7): 1267-1284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00285-011-0498-1. (Journal Article)
  • Martyn, I. and Steel, M. (2012) The impact and interplay of long and short branches on phylogenetic information content. Journal of Theoretical Biology 314: 157-163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2012.08.040. (Journal Article)
  • Soubrier, J., Steel, M., Lee, M., Der Sarkissian, C., Guindon, S., Ho, S.Y.W. and Cooper, A. (2012) The influence of rate heterogeneity among sites on the time dependence of molecular rates. Molecular Biology and Evolution 29(11): 3345-3358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mss140. (Journal Article)
  • Hordijk, W., Steel, M. and Kauffman, S. (2012) The structure of autocatalytic sets: Evolvability, enablement, and emergence. Acta Biotheoretica 60(4): 379-392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10441-012-9165-1. (Journal Article)
  • Faller, B. and Steel, M. (2012) Trait-dependent extinction leads to greater expected biodiversity loss. SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics 26(2): 472-482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/090776743. (Journal Article)
  • Steel, M. (2011) Can maths help us glimpse the future? NZ Science Teacher 126: 6-7. Magazine Article. (Other)
  • Zhu, S., Degnan, J.H. and Steel, M. (2011) Clades, clans, and reciprocal monophyly under neutral evolutionary models. Theoretical Population Biology 79(4): 220-227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tpb.2011.03.002. (Journal Article)
  • Holder, M.T. and Steel, M. (2011) Estimating phylogenetic trees from pairwise likelihoods and posterior probabilities of substitution counts. Journal of Theoretical Biology 280: 159-166. (Journal Article)
  • Hordijk, W., Kauffman, S. and Steel, M. (2011) Required levels of catalysis for the emergence of autocatalytic sets in models of chemical reaction systems. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 12: 3085-3101. (Journal Article)
  • Magnuson-Ford, K., Mooers, A., Rioux Paquette, S. and Steel, M. (2010) Comparing strategies to preserve evolutionary diversity. Journal of Theoretical Biology 266(1): 107-116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2010.06.004. (Journal Article)
  • Ingram, T. and Steel, M. (2010) Modelling the unpredictability of future biodiversity in ecological networks. Journal of Theoretical Biology 264(3): 1047-1056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2010.03.001. (Journal Article)
  • Sanderson, M.J., McMahon, M.M. and Steel, M. (2010) Phylogenomics with incomplete taxon coverage: the limits to inference. BMC Evolutionary Biology 10: 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-10-155. (Journal Article)
  • van Iersel, L., Semple, C. and Steel, M. (2010) Quantifying the Extent of Lateral Gene Transfer Required to Avert a 'Genome of Eden'. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 72(7): 1783-1798. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11538-010-9506-7. (Journal Article)
  • Dress, A.W.M., Moulton, V., Steel, M. and Wu, T. (2010) Species, clusters and the 'Tree of Life': A graph-theoretic perspective. Journal of Theoretical Biology 265(4): 535-542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2010.05.031. (Journal Article)
  • Bryant, D. and Steel, M. (2009) Computing the distribution of a tree metric. IEEE/ACM Transactions in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics 6(3): 420-426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TCBB.2009.32. (Journal Article)
  • Steel, M. (2009) 'Penny Ante': Mathematical biology or biological mathematics? New Zealand Science Review 66(1): 11-12. (Journal Article)
  • Steel, M., Szekely, L. and Mossel, E. (2009) Phylogenetic information complexity: Is testing a tree easier than finding it? Journal of Theoretical Biology 258: 95-102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2009.01.007. (Journal Article)
  • Wu, T., Moulton, V. and Steel, M. (2009) Refining Phylogenetic Trees Given Additional Data: Algorithms Based on Parsimony. IEEE/ACM Transactions in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics 6(1): 118-125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TCBB.2008.100. (Journal Article)
  • Mossel, E., Roch, S. and Steel, M. (2009) Shrinkage Effect in Ancestral Maximum Likelihood. IEEE/ACM Transactions in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics 6(1): 126-133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TCBB.2008.107. (Journal Article)
  • Huson, D.H., Moulton, V. and Steel, M. (2009) Special Section: Phylogenetics. IEEE/ACM Transactions in computational biology and bioinformatics 6(1): 4-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TCBB.2009.21. (Journal Article)
  • Gill, J., Linusson, S., Moulton, V. and Steel, M. (2008) A regular decomposition of the edge-product space of phylogenetic trees. Advances in Applied Mathematics 41(2): 158-176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aam.2006.07.007. (Journal Article)
  • Gruenheit, N., Lockhart, P.J., Steel, M. and Martin, W. (2008) Difficulties in Testing for Covarion-Like Properties of Sequences under the Confounding Influence of Changing Proportions of Variable Sites. Molecular Biology and Evolution 25(7): 1512-1520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msn098. (Journal Article)
  • Faller, B., Pardi, F. and Steel, M. (2008) Distribution of phylogenetic diversity under random extinction. Journal of Theoretical Biology 251(2): 286-296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2007.11.034. (Journal Article)
  • Fischer, M. and Steel, M. (2008) Expected Anomolies in the Fossil Record. Evolutionary Bioinformatics Online 4: 61-67. (Journal Article)
  • Whitfield, J.B., Cameron, S.A., Huson, D.H. and Steel, M.A. (2008) Filtered Z-Closure Supernetworks for Extracting and Visualizing Recurrent Signal from Incongruent Gene Trees. Systematic Biology 57(6): 939-947. (Journal Article)
  • Matsen, F.A., Mossel, E. and Steel, M. (2008) Mixed-up Trees: the Structure of Phylogenetic Mixtures. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 70(4): 1115-1139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11538-007-9293-y. (Journal Article)
  • Li, G., Steel, M. and Zhang, L. (2008) More taxa are not necessarily better for the reconstruction of ancestral character states. Systematic Biology 57(4): 647-653. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10635150802203898. (Journal Article)
  • Huson, D., Moulton, V., Steel, M. and Freiberger, M. (2008) Reconstructing the tree of life. Plus(46) Magazine article. (Other)
  • Gernhard, T., Hartmann, K. and Steel, M. (2008) Stochastic properties of generalised Yule models, with biodiversity applications. Journal of Mathematical Biology 57(5): 713-735. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00285-008-0186-y. (Journal Article)
  • Steel, M., Mimoto, A. and Mooers, A.O. (2007) Hedging our bets: the expected contribution of species to future phylogenetic diversity. Evolutionary Bioinformatics 3: 237-244. (Journal Article)
  • Hartmann, K. and Steel, M. (2007) Phylogenetic diversity: from combinatorics to ecology. In O. Gascuel, M. Steel (Ed.), Reconstructing Evolution: New Mathematical and Computational Advances: 340. New York: Oxford University Press. (Chapter in Book)
  • Gascuel, O. and Steel, M. (Ed.) (2007) Reconstructing Evolution: New Mathematical and Computational Advances. New York: Oxford University Press. 340. (Edited Book)
  • Steel, M. and Matsen, F.A. (2007) The Bayesian 'Star Paradox' Persists for Long Finite Sequences. Molecular Biology and Evolution 24(4): 1075-1079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msm028. (Journal Article)
  • Steel, M. (2007) Tools to Construct and Study Big Trees: A Mathematical Perspective. In T.R. Hodkinson and J.A.N. Parnell (Ed.), Reconstructing the Tree of Life: Taxonomy and Systematics of Species Rich Taxa: 97-112. Boca Raton: CRC Press (Taylor and Francis). (Chapter in Book)
  • Gernhard, T., Ford, D., Vos, R. and Steel, M. (2006) Estimating the relative order of speciation or coalescence events on a given phylogeny. Evolutionary Bioinformatics Online 2: 309-317. (Journal Article)
  • Hartmann, K. and Steel, M. (2006) Maximizing Phylogenetic Diversity in Biodiversity Conservation: Greedy Solutions to the Noah's Ark Problem. Systematic Biology 55(4): 644-651. 10.1080/10635150600873876. (Journal Article)
  • Gascuel, O. and Steel, M. (2006) Neighbor-Joining revealed. Molecular Biology and Evolution 23(11): 1997-2000. (Journal Article)
  • Steel, M. and Pickett, K.M. (2006) On the impossibility of uniform priors on clade size. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 39(2): 585-586. 10.1016/j.ympev.2005.10.005. (Journal Article)
  • Huson, D., Steel, M.A. and Whitfield, J. (2006) Reducing Distortion in Phylogenetic Networks. Zurich, Switzerland: 6th Workshop on Algorithms in Bioinformatics (WABI'06), 11-13 Sep 2006. In Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics 4175(Algorithms in Bioinformatics) 150-161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11851561_14. (Conference Contribution - Paper in published proceedings)
  • Semple, C. and Steel, M. (2006) Unicyclic Networks: Compatibility and Enumeration. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics 3(1): 84-91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TCBB.2006.14. (Journal Article)
  • Baroni, M., Semple, C. and Steel, M. (2005) A Framework for Representing Reticulate Evolution. Annals of Combinatorics 8(4): 391-408. (Journal Article)
  • Lockhart, P. and Steel, M. (2005) A tale of two processes. Systematic Biology 54(6): 948-951. (Journal Article)
  • Huber, K., Moulton, V. and Steel, M. (2005) Four characters suffice to convexly define a phylogenetic tree. SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics 18(4): 835-843. (Journal Article)
  • Mossel, E. and Steel, M. (2005) How much can evolved characters tell us about the tree that generated them? In O. Gascuel (Ed.), Mathematics of Evolution and Phylogeny: 384-412. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Chapter in Book)
  • Steel, M. and Penny, D. (2005) Maximum parsimony and the phylogenetic information in multi-state characters. In V. Albert (Ed.), Parsimony, phylogeny and genomics: 163-178. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Chapter in Book)
  • Steel, M. (2005) Phylogenetic diversity and the greedy algorithm. Systematic Biology 54(4): 527-529. (Journal Article)
  • Mossel, E. and Steel, M. (2005) Random biochemical networks and the probability of self-sustaining autocatalysis. Journal of Theoretical Biology 233(3): 327-336. (Journal Article)
  • Huson, D.H., Kloepper, T., Lockhart, P.J. and Steel, M. (2005) Reconstruction of reticulate networks from gene trees. Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: RECOMB 2005, 14-18 May 2005. In LNBI 3500 233-249. (Conference Contribution - Paper in published proceedings)
  • Huber, K.T., Moulton, V., Semple, C. and Steel, M. (2005) Recovering a phylogenetic tree using pairwise closure operations. Applied Mathematics Letters 18: 361-366. (Journal Article)
  • Steel, M. (2005) Should phylogenetic models be trying to 'fit an elephant'? Trends in Genetics 21(6): 307-309. (Journal Article)
  • Esser, C., Ahmadinejad, N., Wiegand, C., Rotte, C., Sebastiani, F., Gelius-Dietrich, G., Henze, K., Kretschmann, E., Richly, E., Leister, D., Bryant, D., Steel, M.A., Lockhart, P.J., Penny, D. and Martin, W. (2004) A genome phylogeny for mitochondria among α-proteobacteria and a predominantly eubacterial ancestry of yeast nuclear genes. Molecular Biology and Evolution 21(9): 1643-1660. (Journal Article)
  • Mossel, E. and Steel, M. (2004) A phase transition for a random cluster model on phylogenetic trees. Mathematical Biosciences 187: 189-203. (Journal Article)
  • Semple, C. and Steel, M. (2004) Cyclic permutations and evolutionary trees. Advances in Applied Mathematics 32: 669-680. (Journal Article)
  • Hordijk, W. and Steel, M. (2004) Detecting autocatalyctic, self-sustaining sets in chemical reaction systems. Journal of Theoretical Biology 227(4): 451-461. (Journal Article)
  • Huson, D.H. and Steel, M. (2004) Distances that perfectly mislead. Systematic Biology 53(2): 327-332. (Journal Article)
  • Steel, M. (2004) Inferring Phylogenies - an epic worth the wait (Book Review). Trends in Ecology and Evolution 19(4): 173-174. (Journal Article)
  • Moulton, V. and Steel, M. (2004) Peeling phylogenetic 'oranges'. Advances in Applied Mathematics 33(4): 710-727. (Journal Article)
  • Dezulian, T. and Steel, M. (2004) Phylogenetic closure operations and homoplasy-free evolution. In D. Banks, L. House, F.R. McMorris, P. Arabie, W. Gaul (Ed.), Classification, clustering, and data mining applications (Proceedings of the meeting of the International Federation of Classification Societies (IFCS) 2004): 395-416. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. (Chapter in Book)
  • Huson, D.H., Dezulian, T., Klöpper, T. and Steel, M.A. (2004) Phylogenetic Super-Networks from Partial Trees.. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics 1(4): 151-158. (Journal Article)
  • Huson, D. and Steel, M. (2004) Phylogenetic trees based on gene content. Bioinformatics 20: 2044-2049. (Journal Article)
  • Semple, C., Daniel, P., Hordijk, W., Page, R.D.M. and Steel, M. (2004) Supertree algorithms for ancestral divergence dates and nested taxa. Bioinformatics 20(15): 2355-2360. (Journal Article)
  • Bryant, D., Semple, C. and Steel, M. (2004) Supertree methods for ancestral divergence dates and other applications. In O.R.P. Bininda-Emonds (Ed.), Phylogenetic Supertrees: Combining Information to Reveal the Tree of Life (Computational Biology, vol. 4 ed.): 129-150. Dordrecht: Kluwer. (Chapter in Book)
  • Steel, M. and Penny, D. (2004) Two further links between MP and ML under the Poisson Model. Applied Mathematics Letters 17(7): 785-790. (Journal Article)
  • Bashford, J.D., Jarvis, P.D., Sumner, J. and Steel, M. (2004) U(1) x U(1) x U(1) symmetry of the Kimura 3ST model and phylogenetic branching processes. Journal of Physics (A) 37(8): L81-L89. (Journal Article)
  • Semple, C. and Steel, M. (2003) Phylogenetics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 256 pp. (Authored Book)
  • Bryant, D., McKenzie, A. and Steel, M. (2003) The size of a maximum agreement subtree for random binary trees. BioConsensus, DIMACS Series in Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science 61: 55-65. (Journal Article)
  • Semple, C. and Steel, M. (2002) A characterization for a set of partial partitions to define an X-tree. Discrete Mathematics 247: 169-186. (Journal Article)
  • Steel, M.A. and Szekely, L.A. (2002) Inverting random functions (II): explicit bounds for discrete maximum likelihood estimation, with applications. SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics 15(4): 562-75. (Journal Article)
  • Steel, M. (2002) Some statistical aspects of the maximum parsimony method. In DeSalle, R., Giribet, G., Wheeler, W. (Ed.), Molecular Systematics and Evolution: Theory and Practice: 125-140.Birkhauser. (Chapter in Book)
  • Sober, E. and Steel, M.A. (2002) Testing the hypothesis of common ancestry. Journal of Theoretical Biology 218(4): 395-408. (Journal Article)
  • Bininda-Emonds, O.R.P., Gittleman, J.L. and Steel, M.A. (2002) The (super)tree of life: procedures, problems, and prospects. Annual Reviews in Ecology and Systematics 33: 265-89. (Journal Article)
  • Semple, C. and Steel, M. (2002) Tree reconstruction from multi-state characters. Advances in Applied Mathematics 28: 169-184. (Journal Article)
  • Steel, M. and Hein, J. (2001) Applying the Thorne-Kishino-Felsenstein model sequence evolution on a star-shaped tree.. Applied Mathematics Letters 14: 679--84. (Journal Article)
  • Steel, M. and Bryant, D. (2001) Constructing optimal trees from quartets.. Journal of Algorithms 38: 237--59. (Journal Article)
  • Steel, M.A. (2001) Subtree transfer operations and their induced metrics on evolutionary trees.. Annals in Combinatorics 5: 1-13. (Journal Article)
  • Steel, M. and McKenzie, A. (2001) The "shape" of phylogenies under simple random speciation models. In Ed (Ed.), Proceedings of Evolution and Statistical Physics conference: 165-185. Berlin / Heidelberg: Springer. (Chapter in Book)
  • Semple, C. and Steel, M. (2001) Tree reconstruction via a closure operation on partial splits. Montpellier, France: International Conference on Biology, Informatics, and Mathematics (JOBIM 2000), 3-5 May 2000. In Computational Biology: Selected papers of the First International Conference on Biology, Informatics, and Mathematics 126-134. (Conference Contribution - Paper in published proceedings)
  • Semple, C. and Steel, M. (2000) A supertree method for rooted trees. Discrete Applied Mathematics 105: 147-158. doi:10.1016/S0166-218X(00)00202-X. (Journal Article)
  • Steel, M., Bocker, S. and Dress, A.W.M. (2000) Algorithmic Aspects of tree amalgamation.. Journal of Algorithms 37: 522--37. doi:10.1006/jagm.2000.1116. (Journal Article)
  • McKenzie, A. and Steel, M.A. (2000) Distributions of cherries for two models of trees.. Math. Biosciences 164: 81--92. (Journal Article)
  • Steel, M.A., Lockhart, P.J., Huson, D., Maier, U., Fraunholz, M.J., Peer, Y.V., Barbrook, A.C. and Howe, C. (2000) How molecules evolve in Eubacteria. Molecular Biol. and Evolution 17: 835--8. (Journal Article)
  • Steel, M.A., Huson, D. and Lockhart, P.J. (2000) Invariable sites models and their use in phylogeny reconstruction. Systematic Biol 42: 225--32. (Journal Article)
  • Moulton, V., Zucker, M., Penny, D. and Pointon, R. (2000) Metrics on RNA Secondary Structures.. J. Comput. Biol 7: 277--92. (Journal Article)
  • Steel, M.A. and Penny, D. (2000) Parsimony, likelihood and the role of models in molecular phylogenetics. Molecular Biol. and Evolution 17: 839--50. (Journal Article)
  • Steel, M.A., Böcker, S. and Dress, A.W.M. (2000) Some simple but fundamental limits for supertree and consensus tree methods. Systematic Biol 42: 363--8. (Journal Article)
  • Steel, M.A. (2000) Sufficient conditions for two tree reconstruction techniques to succeed on sufficiently long sequences.. SIAM. J. Discr. Math 14: 36--48. (Journal Article)
  • Steel, M., Ng, M. and Wormald, N. (2000) The difficulty of constructing a leaf-labelled tree including or avoiding given subtrees.. Discrete Applied Mathematics 98: 227--35. doi:10.1016/S0166-218X(99)00160-2. (Journal Article)
  • Steel, M.A. (2000) The emergence of a self-catalysing structure in abstract origin-of-life models.. Applied Mathematics Letters 3: 91--5. doi:10.1016/S0893-9659(99)00191-3. (Journal Article)
  • Steel, M.A., Erdös, P., Szekely, L.A. and Warnow, T.A. (1999) A few logs suffice to build (almost) all trees (Part 1). Rand. Struct. Alg 14: 153-84. (Journal Article)
  • Steel, M.A., SzÚkely, L.A. and Warnow, T. (1999) A few logs suffice to build (almost) all trees (Part 2).. Theor. Comput. Sci 221: 77--118. (Journal Article)
  • Steel, M.A. and Waddell, P.J. (1999) Approximating likelihoods under low but variable rates across sites. Applied Mathematics Letters 12: 13-19. (Journal Article)
  • Steel, M. and Szekely, L.A. (1999) Inverting random functions. Annals of Combinatorics 3: 103--13. doi:10.1007/BF01609870. (Journal Article)
  • Steel, M.A., Boecker, S. and Dress, A.W.M. (1999) Patching up X-trees. Annals in Combinatorics 3: 1-12. (Journal Article)
  • Steel, M. and Moulton, V. (1999) Retractions of finite distance functions onto tree metrics.. Discrete Applied Mathematics (Eds. Choice) 91: 215--33. (Journal Article)
  • Semple, C. and Steel, M. (1999) Tree representations of non-symmetric, group-valued proximities. Advances in Applied Mathematics 23: 300-321. doi:10.1006/aama.1999.0662. (Journal Article)
  • Steel, M.A., Lockhard, P.J., Barbrook, A.C., Huson, D., Charleston, M.A. and Howe, C.J. (1998) A covariotide model explains apparent phylogenetic structure of oxygenic photosynthetic lineages. Mol. Biol. Evol 15: 1183--7. (Journal Article)
  • Steel, M.A., Bonet, M., Warnow, T. and Yooseph, S. (1998) Better methods for solving parsimony and compatibility.. J. Comp. Biol. 5: 377-90. (Journal Article)
  • Hendy, M.D. and Penny, D. (1998) Reconstructing phylogenies from nucleotide pattern frequencies - a survey and some new results. Discr. Appl. Math 88: 367--96. (Journal Article)
  • Moulton, V., Steel, M. and Tuffley, C. (1997) Dissimilarity maps and substitution models: some new results. Mathematical Hierarchies and Biology, DIMACS series in Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer ScienceAmerican Mathematical Society. (Chapter in Book)
  • Steel, M.A. and Waddell, P.J. (1997) General time reversible distances with unequal rates across sites. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 8: 398--414. (Journal Article)
  • Tuffley, C. and Steel, M.A. (1997) Links between maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony under a simple model of site substitution. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 59(3): 581-607. (Journal Article)
  • Erdös, P., Steel, M., Szekeley, L. and Warnow, T. (1997) Local quartet splits of a binary tree imply all quartet splits under one dyadic inference rule. Computers and Artificial Intelligence 16(2): 217-27. (Journal Article)
  • Tuffley, C. and Steel, M.A. (1997) Modelling the covarion hypothesis of nucleotide substitution. Mathematical Biosciences 147: 63-91. (Journal Article)
  • Steel, M. and Hamel, A. (1997) The length of a random leaf coloration on a random tree.. SIAM J. Discrete Math 10: 359-372. (Journal Article)
  • Dress, A., Moulton, V. and Steel, M.A. (1997) Trees, taxonomy and strongly compatible multi-state characters. Advances in Applied Mathematics : 1-30. (Journal Article)