UC Home
Courses
Departments
Library
Teaching
Research
Students
Contacts
University of Canterbury
UC Spark
Searches
Advanced Search
Browse
Subject Area: Disciplines
College: Departments
Other Links
Research & Innovation
Email SPARK Administrator
Update your SPARK page in Profiler (Staff Only)
UC
>
UC SPARK
>
Researcher
Resources
Staff webpage
Dr Gregory Alan O'Beirne
Communication Disorders
Phone: +64 3 364 2987 ext. 7085
Office: CMDS Unit 7 171
Fields of Research
Audiological instrumentation
Cochlear mechanics
Electrophysiology and homeostasis
Evoked potentials
Researcher Summary
Research interests include electrophysiology and homeostasis, cochlear mechanics, evoked potentials and audiological instrumentation
Subject Area: Disciplines
Health and Health Sciences:
Audiology
; Other Health Studies
; Speech & Language Therapy
Biology: Molecular, Cellular and Whole Organism Biology:
Animal Physiology
Research Projects
Improvement to intraoperative hearing assessment and prevention of inner-ear damage in humans
Research Groups
Motor Speech Disorders Research Laboratory
New Zealand Institute of Language, Brain and Behaviour (NZILBB)
Speech Comprehension and Auditory Processing Laboratory (SCAUP Lab)
Affiliations
Association for Research in Otolaryngology (ARO)
(Professional Organisation): Member
Audiological Society of Australia (ASA)
(Professional Organisation): Member
Australian Physiological Society (AuPS)
(Professional Organisation): Member
Health Research Society of Canterbury (HRSC)
(Professional Organisation): Member
Publications
Journal Article
Robb, M.P., Lynn, W.L. and O'Beirne, G.A. (2013) An exploration of dichotic listening among adults who stutter..
Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics
in press
Rickard, N.A., Heidtke, U.J. and O'Beirne, G.A. (2013) Assessment of auditory processing disorder in children using an adaptive filtered speech test..
International Journal of Audiology
in press
Babbage, M.J., Feldman, M.B., O'Beirne, G.A., MacFarlane, M.R. and Bird, P.A. (2013) Patterns of hearing loss following retrosigmoid excision of unilateral vestibular schwannoma.
Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base
http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1342921
.
Borrie, S.A., McAuliffe, M.J., Liss, J.M., O'Beirne, G.A. and Anderson, T. (2013) The role of linguistic and indexical information in improved recognition of dysarthric speech.
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
133(1): 474-482.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4770239
.
Borrie, S.A., McAuliffe, M.J., Liss, J.M., O'Beirne, G.A. and Anderson, T. (2012) A follow-up investigation into the mechanisms that underlie improved recognition of dysarthric speech.
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
132(2): EL102-EL108.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4736952
.
O'Beirne, G.A., McGaffin, A.J. and Rickard, N.A. (2012) Development of an adaptive low-pass filtered speech test for the identification of auditory processing disorders.
International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
76(6): 777-782.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2012.02.039
.
McAuliffe, M.J., Wilding, P.J., Rickard, N.A. and O'Beirne, G.A. (2012) Effect of speaker age on speech recognition and perceived listening effort in older adults with hearing loss.
Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research
55: 838-847.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2011/11-0101)
.
Borrie, S.A., McAuliffe, M.J., Liss, J.M., Kirk, C., O'Beirne, G.A. and Anderson, T. (2012) Familiarisation conditions and the mechanisms that underlie improved recognition of dysarthric speech.
Language and Cognitive Processes
27(7-8): 1039-1055.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01690965.2011.610596
.
Zawawi, S., Robb, M.P. and O'Beirne, G.A. (2012) Measuring voluntary cough and its relationship to the perception of voice.
Asia Pacific Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing
15(2): 93-109.
Kaipa, R., Robb, M.P., O'Beirne, G.A. and Allison, R.S. (2012) Recovery of speech following total glossectomy: An acoustic and perceptual appraisal.
International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology
14(1): 24-34.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17549507.2011.623326
.
Hornibrook, J., Kalin, C., Lin, E., O'Beirne, G.A. and Gourley, J. (2012) Transtympanic electrocochleography for the diagnosis of Ménière's disease.
International Journal of Otolaryngology
2012: Article 852714, 11pp.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/852714
.
Job, A., Paucod, J-C., O'Beirne, G.A. and Delon-Martin, C. (2011) Cortical Representation of Tympanic Membrane Movements due to Pressure Variation: An fMRI Study.
Human Brain Mapping
32(5): 744-749.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hbm.21063
.
Choo, A., Robb, M., Dalrymple-Alford, J., Huckabee, M-L. and O'Beirne, G. (2010) Different lip asymmetry in adults who stutter: Electromyographic evidence during speech and non-speech.
Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica
62(3): 143-147.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000287213
.
Robb, M.P., Sargent, A. and O'Beirne, G.A. (2009) Characteristics of disfluency clusters in adults who stutter.
Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology
34(1): 36-42.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14015430902748519
.
Doeltgen S.H., Ridding M.C., O'Beirne, G.A., Dalrymple-Alford, J. and Huckabee, M-L. (2009) Test-retest reliability of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) at the submental muscle group during volitional swallowing.
Journal of Neuroscience Methods
178(1): 134-137.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2008.12.005
.
Dwyer, C.H., Robb, M.P., O'Beirne, G.A. and Gilbert, H.R. (2009) The influence of speaking rate on nasality in the speech of hearing impaired individuals.
Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research
52: 1321-1333.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2009/08-0035)
.
Feldman, M.B., O'Beirne, G.A. and Bird, P.A. (2008) Delayed hearing loss following vestibular schwannoma surgery: Auditory function in the early postoperative period.
New Zealand Audiological Society Bulletin
18(2): 7-20.
O'Beirne, G.A. and Patuzzi, R.B. (2007) Mathematical model of outer hair cell regulation including ion transport and cell motility.
Hearing Research
234(1-2): 29-51.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2007.09.008
.
Agung, K., Purdy, S.C., Patuzzi, R.B., O'Beirne, G.A. and Newall, P. (2005) Rising-frequency chirps and earphones with an extended high-frequency response enhance the post-auricular muscle response.
International Journal of Audiology
44(11): 631-636.
Purdy, S.C., Agung, K.B., Hartley, D., Patuzzi, R.B. and O'Beirne, G.A. (2005) The post-auricular muscle response: an objective electrophysiological method for evaluating hearing sensitivity.
International Journal of Audiology
44(11): 625-630.
Patuzzi, R.B. and O'Beirne, G.A. (1999) A correlation method for detecting the sound-evoked post-auricular muscle response (PAMR).
Hearing Research
138: 147-162.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-5955(99)00161-6
.
O'Beirne, G.A. and Patuzzi, R.B. (1999) Basic properties of the sound-evoked post-auricular muscle response (PAMR).
Hearing Research
138: 115-132.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-5955(99)00159-8
.
Patuzzi, R.B. and O'Beirne, G.A. (1999) Boltzmann analysis of CM waveforms using virtual instrument software.
Hearing Research
133: 155-159.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-5955(99)00067-2
.
Patuzzi, R.B. and O'Beirne, G.A. (1999) Effects of eye rotation on the sound-evoked post-auricular muscle response (PAMR).
Hearing Research
138: 133-146.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-5955(99)00160-4
.
Conference Contribution - Paper in published proceedings
Patuzzi, R.B. and O'Beirne, G.A. (2008)
Gain, nonlinearity and regulation in the mammalian cochlea.
Helsingør, Denmark: International Symposium on Auditory and Audiological Research (ISAAR), 29-31 Aug 2007. In Auditory signal processing in hearing-impaired listeners
O'Beirne, G.A. and Patuzzi, R.B. (2002)
Modelling the role of outer hair cells in cochlear regulation and tinnitus.
Fremantle, Australia: Seventh International Tinnitus Seminar, 5-9 Mar 2002. In Proceedings of the Seventh International Tinnitus Seminar 62-66.
Conference Contribution - Oral presentation
O'Beirne, G.A., King, S.M., Murray, C.J., Fromont, R. and King, J. (2012)
Development and evaluation of the New Zealand hearing screening test.
Adelaide, Australia: Audiological Society of Australia Conference, 1-4 Jul 2012.
Trounson, R.H., O'Beirne, G.A. and Maclagan, M.A. (2012)
Development of the UC Auditory Visual Matrix Sentence Test.
Hamilton, New Zealand: New Zealand Audiological Society Conference, 7 May 2012.
Trounson, R.H., O'Beirne, G.A. and Maclagan, M.A. (2012)
Development of the UC Auditory-Visual Matrix Sentence Test.
Adelaide, Australia: Audiological Society of Australia Conference, 1-4 Jul 2012.
Babbage, M.J., O'Beirne, G.A., Bergin, M., Macassey, E. and Bird, P.A. (2012)
Patterns of extended high frequency hearing loss following middle ear surgery.
Wellington, New Zealand: 65th Annual Scientific Meeting of the New Zealand Society of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (NZSOHNS), 31 Oct 2012.
Bird, P.A., Babbage, M.J., Feldman, M., O'Beirne, G.A. and MacFarlane, M. (2012)
Patterns of hearing loss following retrosigmoid excision of unilateral vestibular schwannoma.
Brighton, UK: 6th International Congress of the World Federation of Skull Base Societies/10th European Skull Base Society Congress, 16-19 May 2012. In Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B 73(S02) A255.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0032-1314171
.
Babbage, M.J., O'Beirne, G.A., Bergin, M., Macassey, E. and Bird, P.A. (2012)
Patterns of ultra high-frequency hearing loss following middle ear surgery.
Nagasaki, Japan: 9th International Conference on Cholesteatoma and Ear Surgery, 6 Jun 2012.
O'Beirne, G.A., Rickard, N.A., Heidtke, U.J., McGaffin, A.J., Abu-Hijleh, A. and McAuliffe, M.J. (2012)
The UCAST-FW: An adaptive low-pass filtered speech test for the diagnosis of APD.
Adelaide, Australia: Audiological Society of Australia Conference, 1-4 Jul 2012.
Borrie, S.A., McAuliffe, M.J., Liss, J.M., O'Beirne, G.A. and Anderson, T. (2011)
Perceptual learning of hypokinetic dysarthria: A follow-up investigation into the mechanisms that underlie passive and explicit learning of dysarthric speech.
University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand: 8th Asia Pacific Conference on Speech, Language and Hearing, 11-14 Jan 2011.
Jayakody, D.M.P., Looi, V., Lin, E. and O'Beirne, G.A. (2011)
Pitch perception skills of cochlear implant and hearing aid users compared with normal hearing children and adults.
University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand: 8th Asia Pacific Conference on Speech, Language and Hearing, 11-14 Jan 2011.
Schäfer, M.C.M., McAuliffe, M.J., Liss, M.J., O'Beirne, G.A. and Cai, S. (2011)
Responses of older individuals to manipulations in auditory feedback: Preliminary findings.
University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand: 8th Asia Pacific Conference on Speech, Language and Hearing, 11-14 Jan 2011.
Borrie, S.A., McAuliffe, M.J., Liss, J.M., O'Beirne, G.A. and Anderson, T. (2011)
The role of linguistic and indexical information in improved recognition of dysarthric speech..
San Diego, CA, USA: 162nd Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, 30 Oct - 4 Nov 2011. In Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 130(4) 2447-2447.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3654822
.
Kalin, C., Lin, E., Hornibrook, J. and O'Beirne, G. (2010)
An Evaluation of Electrocochleography as a Diagnostic Tool for Meniere's Disease.
Blenheim, New Zealand: 34th Annual Conference of the New Zealand Audiological Society, 30 Jun-3 Jul 2010.
Heidtke, U.J., Rickard, N.A. and O'Beirne, G.A. (2010)
Diagnosis of Auditory Processing Disorder (APD) in Children using an Adaptive Filtered Speech Test.
Blenheim, New Zealand: New Zealand Audiological Society 34th Annual Conference, 30 Jun-3 Jul 2010.
Borrie, S.A., McAuliffe, M.J., Liss, J.M., Kirk, C., O'Beirne, G.A. and Anderson, T. (2010)
Learning to better understand distorted speech: An investigation into perceptual learning of dysarthria.
Wellington, New Zealand: New Zealand Speech Therapy Association Conference 2010, 22-23 Apr 2010.
McElhinney, S.A., O'Beirne, G.A., Lin, E. and Hornibrook, J. (2010)
oVEMPs and cVEMPs in patients with "clinically certain" Ménière's Disease.
Hotel Theresa, Zell im Zillertal, Austria: The 14th International Symposium and Workshops on Inner Ear Medicine and Surgery, 8 Mar 2010.
King, S., O'Beirne, G.A., Fromont, R., Murray, C. and King, J. (2010)
The New Zealand Hearing Screening Test.
Christchurch, New Zealand: New Zealand Institute of Language, Brain & Behaviour (NZILBB) Workshop, 8-10 Dec 2010.
O'Beirne, G.A., Sincock, B.P. and Starfinger, C. (2009)
Clinical Applicability of Adaptive Speech Testing: A comparison of the administration time, accuracy, efficiency and reliability of adaptive speech tests with conventional speech audiometry.
Tenerife, Spain: 9th European Federation of Audiological Societies Congress, 21-24 Jun 2009.
Babbage, M.J., Feldman, M.B., O'Beirne, G.A., Bird, P.A. and MacFarlane, M.R. (2009)
Delayed hearing loss following vestibular schwannoma surgery: behavioral and electrophysiological responses.
Canberra, Australia: 6th Australasian Auditory Neuroscience Workshop, 31 Jan 2009.
O'Beirne, G.A. and Patuzzi, R.B. (2008)
Regulation of cochlear outer hair cells: Insights from mathematical modelling.
Queenstown, New Zealand.: 26th International Australasian Winter Conference on Brain Research, 23-27 Aug 2008. In Proceedings of the 26th International Australasian Winter Conference on Brain Research 2008 26 Abstract #11.2.
http://psy.otago.ac.nz/awcbr/Abstracts/Abstracts2008.htm
.
O'Beirne, G.A. and Patuzzi, R.B. (2006)
Application of Force to the Cochlear Wall: An Experimental Technique for altering Cochlear Mechanics.
Christchurch, New Zealand: 30th Annual Conference of the New Zealand Audiological Society (NZAS), 5-8 Jul 2006.
O'Beirne, G.A. and Patuzzi, R.B. (2006)
Application of force to the cochlear wall: Effect on auditory thresholds, outer hair cell transduction, and distortion-product otoacoustic emissions.
Providence, RI, USA: 151st Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, 5-9 Jun 2006. In Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 119(5(2)) 3266.
http://scitation.aip.org/ getabs/servlet/ GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JASMAN000119000005003266000003&idtype=cvips&gifs=Yes
.
O'Beirne, G.A. and Patuzzi, R.B. (2006)
Mathematical modelling of the regulation of cochlear amplification.
University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia: 3rd Annual Auditory Neuroscience Workshop, 31 Jan 2006.
O'Beirne, G.A. and Patuzzi, R.B. (2005)
A Mathematical Model of the Regulation of OHC Basolateral Permeability and Transducer Operating Point.
Tübingen, Germany: 42nd Inner Ear Biology Workshop, 18 Sep 2005.
http://ieb.unife.it/abstracts/2005/mechanics.pdf
.
O'Beirne, G.A. and Patuzzi, R.B. (2005)
Real-time electrophysiological monitoring of cochlear regulation.
Christchurch, New Zealand: Canterbury Conference on Communication Disorders, 7-9 Apr 2005.
O'Beirne, G.A. (2004)
Electrophysiological monitoring of outer hair cell homeostasis.
Bionic Ear Institute, Melbourne, Victoria: 1st Australasian Auditory Neuroscience Workshop, 31st January 2004.
Conference Contribution - Poster presentation
Schaefer, M., McAuliffe, M., Liss, J., Katseff, S.E., O'Beirne, G. and Cai, S. (2012)
Responses to manipulations in auditory feedback: The effect of aging.
Santa Rosa, CA, USA: Motor Speech Conference, 29 Feb-4 Mar 2012.
King, S., O'Beirne, G.A., Fromont, R., Rickard, N.A. and McAuliffe, M.J. (2011)
Development and evaluation of a New Zealand Digit Triplet Test for auditory screening.
University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand: 8th Asia Pacific Conference on Speech, Language and Hearing, 11-14 Jan 2011.
Abu-Hijleh, A., O'Beirne, G.A., Rickard, N.A. and McAuliffe, M.J. (2011)
Effects of high frequency hearing loss on performance in the University of Canterbury Adaptive Speech Test (UCAST).
University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand: 8th Asia Pacific Conference on Speech, Language and Hearing, 11-14 Jan 2011.
Broadmore, S., McAuliffe, M.J., Borrie, S.A. and O'Beirne, G.A. (2011)
Listener strategies in the perception of dysarthric speech.
University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand: 8th Asia Pacific Conference on Speech, Language and Hearing, 11-14 Jan 2011.
Venter, K., O'Beirne, G.A. and Bird, P.A. (2011)
The current state of ototoxicity monitoring in New Zealand.
University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand: 8th Asia Pacific Conference on Speech, Language and Hearing, 11-14 Jan 2011.
Borrie, S.A., McAuliffe, M.J., Liss, J.M., Kirk, C., O'Beirne, G. and Anderson, T. (2010)
A comparison of familiarisation modes on perceptual learning and speech intelligibility of hypokinetic dysarthria.
Savannah, GA, USA: Fifteenth Biennial Conference on Motor Speech Disorders: Motor Speech Disorders and Speech Motor Control, 4-7 Mar 2010.
Kalin, C., Hornibrook, J., Lin, E. and O'Beirne, G. (2010)
Diagnosis of Meniere's Disease with Electrocochleographic and Symptomological Assessment.
Kyoto, Japan: 6th International Symposium on Meniere's Disease & Inner Ear Disorders, 14-17 Nov 2010.
Lynn, W., Robb, M.P. and O'Beirne, G.A. (2010)
Dichotic Listening Among Adults Who Stutter.
Blenheim, New Zealand: New Zealand Audiological Society 34th Annual Conference, 30 Jun-3 Jul 2010.
Kalin, C., Lin, E., Hornibrook, J. and O'Beirne, G. (2010)
Electrocochleography and Subjective Methods for the Diagnosis of Meniere's disease.
Philadelphia, PA, USA: 2010 American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) Convention, 18-20 Nov 2010.
McIlhinney, S., O'Beirne, G., Lin, E. and Hornibrook, J. (2010)
Ocular (o-VEMP) and Cervical (c-VEMP) VEMPs in Patients with 'Clinically Certain' Meniere's Disease.
Kyoto, Japan: 6th International Symposium on Meniere's Disease & Inner Ear Disorders, 14-17 Nov 2010.
Kaipa, R., Robb, M.P., O'Beirne, G.A. and Allison, R. (2010)
Speech Recovery Following Glossectomy: An Acoustic and Perceptual Appraisal.
Wellington, New Zealand: New Zealand Speech Therapy Association Conference 2010, 22-23 Apr 2010.
Hornibrook, J., Gawankar, S., Gourley, J. and O'Beirne, G. (2010)
Unsuspected Ménière's Disease in Emergency Department Patients.
Kyoto, Japan: 6th International Symposium on Meniere's Disease & Inner Ear Disorders, 14-17 Nov 2010.
O'Beirne, G.A. and McGaffin, A.J. (2009)
Development of a monosyllabic adaptive speech test for the identification of central auditory processing disorder.
Tenerife, Spain: 9th European Federation of Audiological Societies Congress, 21-24 Jun 2009.
McAuliffe, M.J., Schaefer, M., O'Beirne, G.A. and LaPointe, L.L. (2009)
Effect of noise upon speech intelligibility in dysarthria.
New Orleans, LA, USA: American-Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) Annual Convention 2009, 19-21 Nov 2009.
O'Beirne, G.A. and Patuzzi, R.B. (2008)
In vivo effects of hyperosmotic perilymph perfusion on hair cell and neural potentials.
Phoenix, AZ, USA: 31st Annual MidWinter Meeting of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology, 16-21 Feb 2008. In Abstracts of the Thirty-First Annual Mid Winter Research Meeting of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology 31 58.
http://www.aro.org/mwm/FINAL_ABSTRACT_BOOK_2-13-08.pdf
.
McAuliffe, M.J., Good, P.V., O'Beirne, G.A. and LaPointe, L.L. (2008)
Influence of auditory distraction upon intelligibility ratings in dysarthria.
Monterey, CA, USA: Fourteenth Biennial Conference on Motor Speech - Motor Speech Disorders & Speech Motor Control, 6-9 Mar 2008.
http://www.madonna.org/includes/downloads/mcauliffe.pdf
.
Looi, V., Arnephy, J. and O'Beirne, G.A. (2007)
Environmental Sound Perception of Cochlear Implant Users.
Sydney, Australia: 6th Congress of the Asia Pacific Symposium on Cochlear Implant and Related Sciences (APSCI 2007): Bridging the Gap between Technology and Clinical Services, 30 Oct-2 Nov 2007.
http://www.apsci07.consec.com.au/download/APSCI_Posters.pdf
.
O'Beirne, G.A. and Patuzzi, R.B. (2007)
In Vivo Effects of Reduced-Sodium Perilymph Perfusion on Hair Cell and Neural Potentials.
Denver, CO, USA: 30th Annual Midwinter Research Meeting of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology, 10-15 Feb 2007. In Abstracts of the Thirtieth Annual Mid Winter Research Meeting of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology 30 19.
http://www.aro.org/mwm/07_Abstract_Book.pdf
.
O'Beirne, G.A. and Patuzzi, R.B. (2003)
Mathematical modelling of the role of outer hair cells in cochlear homeostasis.
Titisee, Germany: Biophysics of the Cochlea: Molecules to Models, 27th July - 1st August 2002.
Agung, K., Purdy, S.C., Patuzzi, R. and O'Beirne, G.A. (2002)
Objective hearing assessment using the post auricular muscle response: Stimulus and insert earphone transducer effects.
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia: XXVI International Congress of Audiology, 17 - 22 March 2002. In Australian and New Zealand Journal of Audiology 23(2) 67.
http://www.extenza-eps.com/AAP/doi/pdf/10.1375/audi.23.2.65.31100
.
O'Beirne, G.A. and Patuzzi, R.B. (2001)
The post-auricular muscle response (PAMR): Basic properties, measurement techniques, and use in hearing screening.
Auckland, New Zealand: IUPS Auditory Satellite Symposium, 20th - 22nd August 2001.
Thesis - Doctor of Philosophy
O'Beirne, G.A. (2005)
Mathematical modelling and electrophysiological monitoring of the regulation of cochlear amplification.
PhD, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia.
http://ir.canterbury.ac.nz/handle/10092/7365
.
Additional Publications
Doeltgen, S., Huckabee, M., Dalrymple-Alford, J., Ridding, M. and O'Beirne, G. (2008)
Effects of event-related electrical stimulation on motor evoked potentials at the submental muscle group.
Isle of Palms, SC, USA: 16th Annual Dysphagia Research Society Meeting, 5-8 Mar 2008. In Dysphagia 23(4) 436.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-008-9172-1
.